In 2021, with the explosive growth of ecological demand, the Ethereum network encountered severe scaling bottlenecks, and gas fees continued to climb to historical highs. In this context, modular expansion solutions have emerged – the core idea is to deconstruct the composite functions of blockchain, allocate transaction verification, execution, data storage and other links to a specialized layered architecture, and achieve geometric level improvement in overall system efficiency.
Under this technological paradigm, Ethereum’s ultimate role has been redefined as a decentralized security foundation, focused on providing an immutable Data Availability Layer, while delegating computationally intensive tasks such as transaction execution to upper level modules, thus forming a collaborative ecosystem where each performs its own duties.
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